ContentsPrefacePart 1 Conventional SurveyingChapter 1 Introductory 31.1 Basic concepts of surveying 31.2 Basic principles in surveying 71.3 Survey references 71.4 Methods used in point locations 91.5 History of surveying 101.6 Exercises 14Chapter 2 Leveling 152.1 Definition and principles of leveling 152.2 Elements of the surveyors' level 192.3 Types of instruments used in leveling 252.4 Methods of leveling 382.5 Accuracy in leveling 502.6 Mistakes in leveling 512.7 Suggestions for instrument and rod work 522.8 Exercises 53Chapter 3 Angles and Directions-Theories 573.1 Reference directions for vertical angles 573.2 Horizontal angles 583.3 Three north directions 593.4 Azimuths and bearing 603.5 Exercises 66Chapter 4 Instruments for Angles and Directions Surveying 694.1 Theodolites and transits 694.2 Magnetic azimuth (bearing) surveying: magnetic compass 984.3 True azimuth (bearing) surveying 1004.4 Exercises 111Chapter 5 Distance Measurement 1145.1 Methods for distance determination 1145.2 Taping 1165.3 Electromagnetic distance measurement 1235.4 Summary of distance measurement methods 1375.5 Exercises 138Chapter 6 Traverse Surveying 1406.1 An introductory to traverses 1406.2 Field work in traverse surveying 1416.3 0fficc work in traverse surveying 1456.4 Exercises 157Chapter 7 Error Theories 1597.1 Introduction 1597.2 Relevant definitions 1627.3 Law of errors propagation 1657.4 The method of least square and its application 1687.5 Calculation of standard deviation by true errors 1777.6 Several examples using the law of errors propagation 1807.7 Exercises 182Chapter 8 Topographic Maps 1858.1 Concepts of map and topographic map 1858.2 Map scales and scale precisions 1868.3 Map grids 1878.4 Gauss-Krüger projection 1888.5 Subdivisions and numbering of topographic maps 1928.7 Application of topographic maps 2018.8 Exercises 220Chapter 9 Topographic Surveying 2239.1 Background 2239.2 Topographic control framework 2239.3 Methods for detail surveys 2259.4 Procedures of conventional topographic surveys 2319.5 Digital mapping techniques 2359.6 Exercises 237Part 2 Modern SurveyingChapter 10 Global Positioning Systems 24110.1 Introduction 24110.2 GPS configurations 24210.3 Work principles of GPS 24510.4 Geodetic aspects of GPS 25210.5 GPS in practical surveys 25610.6 Exercises 263Chapter 11 Geographic Information Systems 26511.1 General background of GIS 26511.2 Activitics and componcnts of a GIS 26811.3 Data collections of GIS 26911.4 Data analysis 27411.5 Practical applications of GIS 28411.6 Somc important conccpts in GIS 28511.7 Exercises 287Chapter 12 Photogrammetry 28812.1 An introductory background 28812.2 Acrial photogrammetry 28912.3 Terrestrial photography 30112.4 Stereo-photography 30412.5 Close-range photography 30712.6 Applications of photography 30712.7 Exercises 313Referenced Bibliographies 314Referenced Internet Resources 315Appendix: Math Foundation 317
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