Preface
Flowchart ofChapter Dependencies
Introduction
1 What Is Number Theory·
2 Pythagorean Triples
3 Pythagorean Triples and the Unit Circle
4 Sums ofHigher Powe and Fermat’S Last Theorem
5 Divisibility and the Greatest Common Divisor
6 Linear Equatio and the Greatest Common Divisor
7 Factorization and the Fundamental Theorem ofArithmetic
8 Congruences
9 Congruences，Powe ，andFermat’S LittleTheorem
10 Congruences，Powe ，and Euler’S Formula
11 Euler’S Phi Function and the Chinese Remainder Theorem
12 Prime Numbe
13 Counting Primes
14 Me enne Primes
15 Me enne Primes and Perfect Numbe
16 Powe Modulo m and Successive Squaring
17 Computing kth Roots Modulo m
18 Powe ，Roots，and“Unbreakable Codes
l9 Primality Testing and Carmichael Numbe
20 Squares Modulo р
21 Is-l a Square Modulo р·Is 2·
22 Quadratic Reciprocity
23 Proofof Quadratic Reciprocity
24 Which Primes Are Sums ofTwo Squares
25 Which Numbe Are Sums ofTwo Squares
26 As Easy as One，TwO，Three
27 Euler’S Phi Function and Sums of Diviso
28 Powe Modulo р and Primitive Roots
29 Primitive Roots and Indices
30 The Equation X4+Y4=Z
3l Square-Triangular Numbe Revisited
32 Pell’S Equation
33 Diophantine Approximation
34 Diophantine Approximation and Pell’S Equation
35 Number Theory and Imaginary Numbe
36 The Gaussian Intege and Unique Factorization
37 Irrational Numbe and Tra cendental Numbe
38 Binomial Coefficients and Pascal’S Triangle
39 Fibonacci’S Rabbits and Linear Recurrence Sequences
40 Oh，What a Beautiful Function
41 Cubic Curves and Elliptic Curves
42 Elliptic Curves with Few Rational Points
43 Points on Elliptic Curves Modulo р
44 To ion Collectio Modulo р and Bad Primes
45 Defect Bounds and Modularity Patter
46 Elliptic Curves and Fermat’S Last Theorem
Further Reading
Index
47 The Topsy-Turvy World of Continued Fractio [online]
48 Continued Fractio and Pell’s Equation[online]
49 Generating Functio [9nline]
50 Sums of Powe [online]
A Factorization of Small Composite Intege [online]
B A List of Primes [online]
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