Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background and Purpose of the Book 1
1.2 Research Rationale 6
1.3 Significance of the Study 11
1.4 Organization of the Study 12
Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework and Literature Review 14
2.1 Definition of Key Terms 14
2.1.1 Glossing and Multimedia Glossing 14
2.1.2 Multimedia Learning 20
2.2 Theoretical Framework 20
2.2.1 Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning 21
2.2.2 Cognitive-Affective Theory of Learning with
Media 23
2.3 Literature Review 25
2.3.1 Empirical Studies on Using Glosses for
Vocabulary Learning 26
2.3.2 Empirical Studies on Using Hypermedia
Glosses for Reading Comprehension 44
Chapter 3 Methodology 49
3.1 Methodology for Research One 49
3.1.1 Research Design 49
3.1.2 Participants 51
3.1.3 Instruction Materials 52
3.1.4 Instruments 57
3.1.5 Procedures 65
3.1.6 Data Analysis 69
3.2 Methodology for Research Two 70
3.2.1 Research Design 70
3.2.2 Participants 71
3.2.3 Instruction Materials 71
3.2.4 Instruments 73
3.2.5 Procedures 74
3.2.6 Analysis 74
Chapter 4 Results 77
4.1 Results for Research One 77
4.1.1 Results of Vocabulary Tests 77
4.1.2 Results of Reading Comprehension Tests 96
4.1.3 Participants’ Perceptions of Multimedia Glossing
Modes 101
4.2 Results for Research Two 110
Results for Idiom Tests 110
Chapter 5 Discussion 113
5.1 Discussion for Research One 113
5.2 Discussion for Research Two 132
5.2.1 Efficacy of CALL Glossing Modes for Idiom
Learning 132
5.2.2 Effectiveness of Dual and Single Glossing
Modes 133
5.2.3 Efficacy of Video Glossing Mode and Audio
Glossing Modes 134
Chapter 6 Conclusion 136
6.1 Conclusion for Research One 136
6.2 Conclusion for Research Two 144
References 146
Appendix A Eight Reading Materials and Reading
Comprehension Questions 163
Appendix B List of All the Glossed Words 187
Appendix C Vocabulary Production Tests 191
Appendix D Vocabulary Recognition Tests 193
Appendix E Demographic Information Form 207
Appendix F Questionnaire 208
Appendix G Interview Questions 211
Appendix H List of All 15 Idioms 213
List of Abbreviations 215
List of Figures 216
List of Tables 218
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